The second stage of labour begins when you are fully dilated which is usually 10 cm. Your contractions may become shorter in length and there may be longer breaks between them. If this is your first baby, second stage can last two hours or more. In future birthing experiences, this stage is usually shorter.
At full dilation or 10 cm, you may feel an overwhelming desire to push or an intense pressure on your perineum (the area between your vagina and rectum) or on your rectum.
During the second stage you need to work with your body to push your baby through the vagina (birth canal).
TAKE NOTE: Some people have the desire to push before their cervix is fully dilated. If this happens to you, your healthcare provider will suggest ways for you to avoid pushing until your cervix is fully opened.
Although some people might have the urge to start pushing before they are fully dilated, many who are fully dilated get a natural break of about 20-30 minutes before active pushing begins. This break in contractions is known as the resting phase. Others feel the urge to push soon after becoming 10 centimeters dilated.
As the first stage is ending (transition phase) and the second stage or the pushing stage begins you’ll use your diaphragm and abdominal muscles to help with pushing. Your healthcare providers will be more focused on you and your baby. Your healthcare provider may provide suggestions of techniques, including positions you can be in, which might help you push more effectively. Often you’ll be encouraged to push whenever you feel that urge to do so.
Pushing techniques
Your healthcare provider will help you and your support person as you work with your body to move your baby through the birth canal.
You might find it helpful to do the following:
- At the beginning of a contraction, take a deep cleansing breath; in and out
- When you feel the urge to push downward, gradually release your breath as you push. Some find it helpful to make grunting sounds, or to release their breath as if they were blowing through a straw.
- Breathe in and repeat pushing during the entire contraction.
- Take a deep breath and relax when the contraction is gone.
TAKE NOTE: You may find there are times during the pushing stage when you are holding your breath. Try not to do this for longer than 5 to 6 seconds. It is important to breathe to provide oxygen for you and your baby.
Just before birth, the opening of the vagina will stretch around your baby’s head. This is called “crowning.” Your caregivers may tell you to stop pushing at this time, and just to give small breaths, so that they can guide your baby out slowly and gently.